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The German Renaissance, part of the Northern Renaissance, was a cultural and artistic movement that spread among German thinkers in the 15th and 16th centuries, which originated in the Italian Renaissance. Many areas of the arts and sciences were influenced, notably by the spread of Renaissance humanism to the various German states and principalities. There were many advances made in the development of new techniques in the fields of architecture, the arts, and the sciences. Germany produced two developments that were to dominate the 16th century all over Europe: printing and the Protestant Reformation. One of the most important German humanists was Konrad Celtis (1459–1508). Celtis studied at Cologne and Heidelberg, and later travelled throughout Italy collecting Latin and Greek manuscripts. Heavily influenced by Tacitus, he used the ''Germania'' to introduce German history and geography. Eventually he devoted his time to poetry, in which he praised Germany. Celtis was a significant figure in the Northern Renaissance and helped bring what had started in Italy to Germany. Another figure who greatly contributed to the successes of the German Renaissance was Johann Reuchlin (1455–1522) who studied in various places in Italy and later taught Greek. This German humanist and scholar began studying Hebrew to search for religious and cultural truths. Through his study of Hebrew and Judaism, he aimed to purify Christianity. However, the papacy did not realize his motives and considered him a heretic. The most significant German Renaissance-era artist is Albrecht Dürer who is well known for his religious woodcuts and engravings, drawings, and painted portraits. Important architecture of this period includes the Landshut Residence, Heidelberg Castle and the Town Hall in Augsburg. St Michael in Munich is the largest Renaissance church north of the Alps. == Background == The greatest mark of the Renaissance was the renewed interest in classical learning. Documents, papal or not, were being brought to the surface for examination and study. Classical learning and study was a must for any person living in the renaissance and was considered a great part of one's education. The basis of literature and art in this time were references back to times with Ancient Greek and Roman societies and mythology. The basis of natural science developed from that same look back into Greek and Roman philosophies and teaching, however they were more developed. This transition took more than a century in Germany. The Renaissance was also the result of economic development. At the beginning of the 16th century, Germany was one of the most prosperous countries in Europe despite a relatively low level of urbanization compared to Italy or the Netherlands.〔''German economic growth, 1500–1850'', Ulrich Pfister〕 It benefited from the wealth of certain sectors such as metallurgy, mining, banking and textile. More importantly, book-printing was more developed in Germany than in most other countries, which facilitated the spread of knowledge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German Renaissance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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